UPSC Prelims Jaise 10 Practice Prashn

Yahan 10 prashn hain, jo UPSC Prelims ke pattern, kathinta, aur vastavikta ko dhyan mein rakhkar taiyar kiye gaye hain. Har prashn ke saath vistrit vyaakhya (detailed explanation) di gayi hai, jisse aapko concept clear karne mein madad milegi.

Nirdesh: Neeche diye gaye prashnon ke uttar dene ke liye sabse uchit vikalp chuniye. 1. 'Project 75I' Bharat ke Defence Acquisition Council dwara prakrritik hai. Is project ka sambandh kis se hai? (a)Stealth Drone (b)Ballistic Missile Defence System (c)Conventional Diesel-Electric Submarine (d)Multi-Role Fighter Aircraft

Vyaakhya aur Uttaar

Uttaar: (c) Conventional Diesel-Electric Submarine

Vyaakhya: Project 75I (India) Bharatiya Navy ke liye chhati diesel-electric attack submarine ke nirmann ka ek mahatvapurn abhiyan hai. Yeh 'Strategic Partnership' (Rashtriya Niti) model ke tahat chalaya ja raha hai, jiska uddeshy videshi OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) ke saath bhaagidari karte hue desh mein hi adhunik submarine ka nirmann karna hai. Iska uddeshy Bharat ki undersea warfare capabilities ko majboot karna hai. Vikalp (a) aur (b) DRDO se sambandhit hain, jabki (d) TEJAS ya Rafale jaise aircraft programs se sambandh rakhta hai.

--- 2. 'Gondwana' ke vishesh sandarbh mein, nimnlikhit mein se kaun si ek abhyantarik sagar (inland sea) thi jo is purabh ka hissa thi? (a)Tethys Sea (b)Panthalassa (c)Iapetus Ocean (d)Sea of Gondwana

Vyaakhya aur Uttaar

Uttaar: (a) Tethys Sea

Vyaakhya: Gondwana ek puraatattvik mahadweep tha jo Bharat, Australia, Antarctica, Africa aur South America se milkar bana tha. Tethys Samudra Gondwana ke uttar mein sthit tha, jo ise Laurasia mahadweep se alag karta tha. Samay ke saath, plate tectonics ke kaaran, Tethys Samundr seemit hota gaya aur uski shaayen aaj ke Himalayas ki chattaanon ke roop mein payi jaati hain. Panthalassa (b) ek vishal global samudra tha, Iapetus (c) ek puraatattvik samudra tha jo baad mein band ho gaya, aur (d) 'Sea of Gondwana' koi maana hua geological term nahin hai.

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3. 'Kisan Credit Card (KCC)' Yojana ke sambandh mein, nimnlikhit mein se kaun sa kathan sahih nahin hai? (a)Iske tahat, kisans ko poshak aahar (nutritional input) jaise ki bio-fertilizers aur micronutrients ke liye bhi lagat milegi. (b)Is yojana ka ullekh Bharat ke Samvidhan ki 7vi Anuched ki Concurrent List mein kiya gaya hai. (c)Yojana ko pashupalan aur machhpalan karne walon tak vistarith kiya gaya hai. (d)KCC dharak 'Meri Maati, Mera Desh' abhiyan ke tahat vishesh laabh utha sakte hain.

Vyaakhya aur Uttaar

Uttaar: (b) Is yojana ka ullekh Bharat ke Samvidhan ki 7vi Anuched ki Concurrent List mein kiya gaya hai.

Vyaakhya: KCC Yojana ek prashasnik/policies yojana hai, na ki koai samvaidhanik anuched. Yeh NABARD dwara prabandhit ki jaati hai. Vikalp (a) sahih hai kyonki KCC ab poshak aahar par kharch ko bhi cover karti hai. Vikalp (c) sahih hai, KCC pashupalak, mendhak palak, aur anya allied activities se jude kisans ke liye bhi uplabdh hai. Vikalp (d) sahih hai, 'Meri Maati, Mera Desh' abhiyan ke tahat, KCC dharakon ko waived processing fees, moratorium, aur interest subvention jaise laabh pradan kiye gaye the.

--- 4. 'Vaigyanik Paryavaran' (Scientific Environment) shabd ka prayog kis sandarbh mein kiya jata hai? (a)Paryavaran Anusandhan aur Monitoring (b)Nuclear Fusion Reactors (c)Semiconductor Manufacturing (d)Deep-Sea Mining

Vyaakhya aur Uttaar

Uttaar: (c) Semiconductor Manufacturing

Vyaakhya: Semiconductor chip nirmann ek ati-sookshm prakriya hai, jahan hawa mein maujud chhote se chhota kana (dust particle) bhi pure chip ko kharab kar sakta hai. Isliye, chip nirmann ke karkhone (fabs) ko 'Vaigyanik Paryavaran' (Cleanrooms) ki aavashyakta hoti hai, jahan hawa se pratishat 1 se bhi kam particle hoti hai. Yahaan tak ki ek vishesh dress code aur hawa ke dabav ko niyantrit karne ki vyavastha hoti hai taaki koi bhi contamination na ho.

--- 5. 'Huangpu Jiangyun' aur 'Yuan Wang' jaise jahaaz, jo media mein aksar charcha ka vishay bante hain, kis desh se sambandhit hain? (a)Japan (b)Vietnam (c)China (d)Russia

Vyaakhya aur Uttaar

Uttaar: (c) China

Vyaakhya: 'Yuan Wang' vastutah China ke space tracking ships ka varg hai. Yeh jahaaz missile tests, satellite launches, aur antarikshtriya abhiyanon par nazar rakhte hain. 'Huangpu Jiangyun' ek Chinese naval vessel hai. South China Sea jaise sanskritik roop se sambandhit kshetron mein in jahaazon ki maujoodgi aksar strategic monitoring aur naval shakti pradarshan ke uddeshy se hoti hai, jisse vishwa bhar ki senaon ki nazar inpar rahti hai.

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6. 'Ullas' ya 'Ullas: Nav Bharat Saksharta Karyakram' ka lakshya kya hai? (a)Bharat ke gramin kshetron mein digital saksharta badhana (b)15 varsh aur usse adhik aayu ke nirakshar bhaarathiyon ko sakshar banana (c)SC/ST samudaay ke bacchon ke liye shiksha ko badhava dena (d)Yuvaon ko rozgar ke liye kushal banana

Vyaakhya aur Uttaar

Uttaar: (b) 15 varsh aur usse adhik aayu ke nirakshar bhaarathiyon ko sakshar banana

Vyaakhya: Ullas Abhiyan Shiksha Mantralay ki ek pahal hai, jise "Nav Bharat Saksharta Karyakram" ke roop mein bhi jana jata hai. Iska mukhya uddeshy 15 saal aur usse adhik umar ke 5 crore se adhik nirakshar vyaktigon ko sakshar banana hai. Yeh abhiyan junoon aur samajik jimmedari ke bhaav par aadharit hai, jisme svayansevak aur shikshak bhaag lete hain. Vikalp (a) Digital India abhiyan ka lakshya hai.

--- 7. 'Karez' ya 'Qanat' pranaali, jiska varnan aksar madhyamik sandarbh mein kiya jata hai, kis se sambandhit hai? (a)Jal-sanchay ki puraatani pranaali (b)Pashchim Ghats mein payi jaane wali vanaspati (c)Mongol Samrajya ka ek prakaar ka kar (d)Arab deshon mein kiya jaane wala nritya

Vyaakhya aur Uttaar

Uttaar: (a) Jal-sanchay ki puraatani pranaali

Vyaakhya: Karez ya Qanat ek puraani paristhitiki anukool jal prabandhan pranaali hai, jo aksar Iran, Afghanistan aur madhyamik kshetron mein payi jaati hai. Is pranaali mein pahaadiyon ke aadhaar mein khudai karke ek khandit kuwan (well) ka jaal banaya jata hai, jo bhumi-gat jal ko bina pump ki madad ke ek nikalav sthan (outlet) tak le jaata hai, jahan iska prayag krishi ya peene ke liye kiya jata hai. Bharat mein, Ladakh kshetron mein ise 'Zing' ke naam se jana jata hai.

--- 8. 'Exercise Vajra Prahar' Bharat ke sena dwing aur kis desh ke beech aayojit kiya jaata hai? (a)Japan (b)France (c)United States of America (d)Israel

Vyaakhya aur Uttaar

Uttaar: (c) United States of America

Vyaakhya: Vajra Prahar Bharat aur United States ki Special Forces ke beech ek samvidhi sandhi abhyas (joint special forces exercise) hai. Is abhyas ka uddeshy dono deshon ki vishesh senaon ke beech takniki, sanskritik aur sanskaranik adaan-pradaan ko badhava dena hai, jisse dono deshon ki military interoperability mein sudhar ho. Yeh abhyas Bharat-Amerika rastrategik bhaagidari ka ek mahatvapurn ang hai.

--- 9. 'Kuno National Park' ko kis yojana ke tahat chuna gaya tha? (a)Project Hangul (b)Project Elephant (c)Cheetah Reintroduction Project (d)Project Rhino

Vyaakhya aur Uttaar

Uttaar: (c) Cheetah Reintroduction Project

Vyaakhya: Kuno National Park, Madhya Pradesh mein sthit hai, jise 'Cheetah Reintroduction Project' ke liye pramukh sthal ke roop mein chuna gaya tha. Is project ka uddeshya Bharat se lipat gaye cheetah ko (Asiatic Cheetah) dobara laana hai. Varsha 2022 mein, Namibia aur South Africa se cheetah ko Kuno laya gaya tha. Yahaan ka vanyajeev aur bhoogolabidhi cheetah ke rahane ke liye anukool maani jati hai.

--- 10. 'Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam' ke sambandh mein, nimnlikhit mein se kaun sa kathan sahih hai? 1. Yeh nariyon ko Rajya Sabha aur Lok Sabha dono mein aarakshit avsar pradan karta hai. 2. Is adhiniyam ke tahat, sthan aur anuched 15 aur 16 mein sanshodhan kiya gaya hai. 3. Yah adhiniyam nariyon ke liye 33% aarakshan ki vyavastha karta hai, jo 2029 tak laagu rahega. **Chuniye sahih kathan ka kood: (a)Keval 1 aur 2 (b)Keval 2 aur 3 (c)Keval 1 aur 3 (d)1, 2 aur 3

Vyaakhya aur Uttaar

Uttaar: (a) Keval 1 aur 2

Vyaakhya:

• Kathan 1 Sahih Hai: Adhiniyam Lok Sabha aur Rajya Sabha dono mein nariyon ke liye 33% seats aarakshit karta hai.
• Kathan 2 Sahih Hai: Is adhiniyam dwara Samvidhan ke Anuched 239AA (Delhi ke liye), 330A (Lok Sabha), 332A (Vidhan Sabhas), aur 334A (avadhikalin avadhi) mein prasangik sanshodhan kiye gaye hain. Anuched 15 aur 16 vishesh adhikaron se sambandhit hain, na ki isse.
• Kathan 3 Asahih Hai: Aarakshan 15 varshon (2029 tak) ke liye nahin, balki "prarambh se 15 varshon ke liye" laagu hoga, jiske baad ise badhaya ja sakta hai. Yeh ek nirdharit avadhi hai, jiska ullekh adhiniyam mein hai.

--- Aapke Abhyas ke Liye Tips: 1. Samay Prabandhan: 2 minute se adhik samay ek prashn par na lagayein. 2. Guess Work: Agar aapko uttar nahin pata hai, toh elimination technique ka prayog karein. UPSC mein negative marking hoti hai, isliye andaza lagaane se bachne ka prayas karein. 3. Current Affairs Link: Dekhein ki kaise har prashn kisi na kisi current event se jura hua hai. Daily newspaper padhna jari rakhein. 4. Concept Clear Karein: Sirf uttar yaad rakhne ke bajaye, uske peeche ke concept ko samjhein. Aage aane wale prashn isi concept par aadharit ho sakte hain. All the best for your preparation!